Saturday, December 28, 2019

Compare and Contrast Suffering Shown in Six Poems

Suffering takes many forms explore this idea referring to three poems in detail and to at l east three poems drawn from your wider reading. The first thing you think when you are told the word suffering is torturing and death and yes this is a big aspect of the topic and it is included in the poem mother in a refugee camp by Chinua Achebe but there is also other parts of it that is not just physical but involves mental suffering and it is this section that is rarely associated with the word in question, Hide and seek by Vernon Scannell is a good example of how this piece comes into play. From this evidence we can explore different forms of suffering and by the time I have reached my conclusion we will have a better understanding of the†¦show more content†¦On the last stanza Duffy talks about a hundred agonies in black and white and it is said that black and white photographs are the most powerful and effective forms of capturing the moment of suffering. This poem has a very effective ending and it is going back to what I said at the start â€Å"From the aeroplane he stares impassively at where he earns his liv ing and they do not care† and she is talking about the public and what they have all gone through to get these photographs all for maybe five or six that will be picked out to be published and used in tomorrows newspaper and yet when they read it as he says they do not care. This is not the only poem that has a really effective ending many of the poems have a really strong ending to put there point across, and to make the reader feel emotion towards the victim of suffering. Seamus Heaney’s Mid term break has left a line all by itself to serve as the ending, Mid term Break is about an older brother who has come back to school to find that his younger brother has been hit by a car and it is about how the older brother reacts to this experience, this piece ofShow MoreRelatedHow Is The Theme Of Suffering Shown Throughout All Three Poems?1512 Words   |  7 PagesHow is the theme of suffering shown in all three poems? Chinua Achebe’s sonnet is a story of a defiant mother, in a poorly kept refugee camp loving and caring for her ill son whose death is inevitable. The theme of suffering is prominent across the whole poem. For instance the mother’s son who is suffering in pain and will eventually die, this is shown in the poem when it says, ‘she soon would have to forget’, this statement suggests that her son is dying and that she will soon have to move on. NotRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Ghazal By Mimi Khalvati1454 Words   |  6 Pagesis a love poem, written from the persona to the subject. It presents the idea of unrequited love, as the persona longs for a relationship with the addressee, although the poem gives the impression that the feelings of the speaker are not shared by the object of her affections. However, ‘In Paris with You’, by James Fenton, is clearer; it depicts the persona as surfacing from a long term relationship, presenting the painful side of relationships and his way of dealing with the suffering. These differentRead More Compare and contrast the two poems, focusing on how the poets use1139 Words   |  5 PagesCompare and contrast the two poems, focusing on how the poets use language and imagery to represent war. Both poems are war poems of two different periods in history. The Charge of the Light Brigade, by Alfred Tennyson, was written before the twentieth century whereas Dulce et decorum est was first drafted in 1917 by a poet named Wilfred Owen. Tennysons poem was set in The Crimean War (1854-56) where the British commander made the mistake of charging at the main Russian position. HeRead MorePoetry Analysis : Extended Response1593 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay aims to explore and discuss two of the following poems that make the audience think about poetry. The essay will also compare and contrast the subject matter, themes, rhyme, forms and the poetic devices and features. These poems to be analysed are On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer (‘Chapman’s Homer’) and La Belle Dame Sans Merci (‘La Belle’) both written by John Keats. Firstly, it is worthwhile considering the form of each poem. ‘Chapman’s Homer’ is Petrarchan sonnet, which is one octaveRead MoreDeath Be Not Proud1269 Words   |  6 PagesHarrison both discuss death in their poems. They were written in different eras and both poems have different views on this subject. John Donne had a rather privileged upbringing as he was born into a prosperous family and studied law at Oxbridge. Donne, however, was also unfortunate as he lost is father very early in his life and this could have affected his views on death. Tony Harrison on the other hand was born into a proud working class family in Leeds. Harrison’s poem is completely opposite to Donne’sRead More Comparing The Charge of The Light Brigade, War and A Wife in London.1480 Words   |  6 PagesBrigade, War and A Wife in London. Select three poems from the selection, which are concerned with different aspects of war. Write about and compare the poems in respect of the following:  ¨ The views of war that the poets are expressing  ¨ The tones and atmospheres of the poems  ¨ The ways in which language and rhythm are used to reinforce the poets’ themes and viewpoints  ¨ Any other factors considered important. The three poems that I have chosen are: â€Å"The Charge of The Light Read More Comparison of Dulce et Decorum Est and Charge of the Light Brigade3627 Words   |  15 PagesComparison of Dulce et Decorum Est and Charge of the Light Brigade Compare and contrast the two poems Dulce et Decorum Est (Owen) with Charge of the Light Brigade (Tennyson), paying particular attention to the writers’ attitude to war. The attitudes of poets towards war have always been expressed vigorously in their poetry, each poet either condoning or condemning war, and mitigating their attitudes in whatever way possible. I aim to explore the change in the portrayal of war beforeRead More A Comparison of Wilfred Owen’s Dulce et Decorum est to Alfred Tennyson’s Charge of the Light Brigade1881 Words   |  8 Pagesattempt to compare and contrast Wilfred Owen’s â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† to Alfred Tennyson’s â€Å"Charge of the Light Brigade†. I will examine the use of poetic devices in the poems as well as outline what is happening in each. Wilfred Owen was born on the 18th of March 1893 in owestry, United Kingdom. He was the oldest of four children and was educated in an evangelical school. Though Owen rejected most of his beliefs by 1913 the influence of his education still remains evident in his poems and theirRead MoreMid-Term Break Analysis5263 Words   |  22 Pageshttp://writinghood.com/online-writing/analysis-of-mid-term-break-poem-by-seamus-heaney/ Analysis of Mid-Term Break Poem by Seamus Heaney. There are stories in the poem and story in the poem â€Å"Mid- Term Break† by Seamus Heaney is about a young boy who just come back from boarding school had loss his brother in an accident. The death of the brother had give difference emotional respond by the family member about the death . Literary device make poem better and make it interesting to read .Furthermore, thereRead MoreSt. John the Baptist in Paintings2642 Words   |  11 Pagescharacters symbolize the contrasting characteristics of Christianity vs Paganism: Christianity being pure, relaxed, and peaceful, while Paganism was unclear, tense, and violent (Andre). After looking at these six paintings, one can analyze the Christian view of John the Baptist. Analysis These six paintings in three periods show how the view of John’s role in Christianity changed from a passive role to an active role. This begins with his death symbolizing the beginning of Christianity, him holding

Friday, December 20, 2019

Illegal Immigration Illegal Immigrants - 955 Words

Illegal Immigration Problems In the United States, there are roughly eleven million people who can be classified as illegal immigrants, which is by far way too many. When it comes to the history of illegal immigrants, most United States citizens could be considered as an illegal immigrant. In the early years of American history, our ancestors fled into this country for better life styles and to start their own families. During this time there were not laws dealing with who could and could not enter this country illegally, so we cannot be classified as illegal immigrants. The United States of America needs to place more rigid laws regarding immigration by enforcing stricter border control policies and place a greater emphasis on becoming a legal citizen. Immigration has been a struggle for the United States for many years and when the topic is brought out about illegal immigration, the question may be who illegal immigrants are. People who are illegal immigration are the ones who do n ot apply for citizenship, do not obey the laws when granted citizenship, or sneak into the country without permission. I believe that if we, as a country, were to enforce these laws then we would have a better control on the issue. People who enter this country to find jobs or to find better life styles for them and their families is why most people enter this country illegal. I believe that the country should enforce laws for all fifty states that will help the problem. Such as this one,Show MoreRelatedIllegal Immigrants And Illegal Immigration1100 Words   |  5 PagesIllegal immigration Over the past few years illegal immigration has become a bigger problem. Statistics reveal that more and more immigrants are entering the country illegally by crossing the borders. If something is not done soon, this may get out of hand and be to gone far not to handle. The number of illegal immigrants have gone up over the past years drastically In 2011, there were 40 million immigrants in the U.S. Of that 11.1 million were illegal. Although the number of illegalRead MoreIllegal Immigrants And Illegal Immigration1286 Words   |  6 Pages Undocumented Immigration An analysis of illegal immigration in the United States reveals one challenge facing the banks and other institutions: whether to provide banking and other services to the illegal immigrants or to treat them as criminals because they are illegal and therefore, not to provide them with banking and other services. The articles, â€Å"Crossing the Line† by Stein and â€Å"Illegal Immigrants – They’re Money,† by Rodriguez discuss the impact of illegal immigration in the United StatesRead MoreIllegal Immigration And Illegal Immigrants1335 Words   |  6 PagesIllegal immigration has been one of the main topics during the last three presidential election. Many bills and laws have been passed in order to keep them out but is it really necessary to neglect illegal immigrant? Most Americans believe that illegal immigrants are only people of Mexicans or Latin American descent but illegal immigrants can be from any race or country. Illegal immigration is defined by United States Department of Homeland Security as â€Å"†¦ all foreign-born non-citizens who are notRead MoreIllegal Immigrants And Illegal Immigration964 Words   |  4 Pages Attention Step (quotation, question, or story) About four months ago in government class, we had a class discussion. The topic was illegal immigration. One student said that America should send the illegal immigrants back to their country because they are taking American’s jobs. He stated that he would send his dad back to Mexico because he is an illegal immigrant. Going around the circle that we created, everyone gave their opinions, most disagreed, but some agreed with the student. When it wasRead MoreIllegal Immigrants And Illegal Immigration1902 Words   |  8 PagesSince the 1980s, the US government has undertaken initiatives to make its borders more non-porous to illegal immigration from its neighboring countries. The menace of illegal immigrants seeking better opportunities in the USA started reflecting in the 1970s. The migrating people are motivated by the better non-skilled or semi-skilled employment opportunities in the USA and the relatively higher remuneration for services rendered in the USA than in the neig hbor countries especially Mexico (HansonRead MoreIllegal Immigrants And Illegal Immigration1073 Words   |  5 PagesGriffin Tritto Politics Paper 5/1/17 Immigration Through the past few decades, the rise of illegal immigrants has been both good and bad. The topic of illegal immigration has recently been brought up frequently by politicians, seeing the economic problems that have occurred. An â€Å"illegal† immigrant is somebody who enters a country without following the proper legal requirements to make them a citizen. Illegal immigration is not only taking place in the United States, but all over the globe.Read MoreIllegal Immigrants : Illegal Immigration906 Words   |  4 PagesIllegal Immigration In Texas Border Security is a pressing issue within Texas. Every year, thousands of illegal immigrants cross the border in an attempt to have a better life. No one has issues with legal immigration, but to illegally trespass into this country tends to upset many people. This issue of border security has become more prevalent with the upcoming election Illegal immigration is causing job loss to legal residents of the state because illegal immigrants are doing labor cheaper. AlsoRead MoreIllegal Immigrants : Illegal Immigration900 Words   |  4 Pagesin America is illegal immigration; these people travel from all over the world, and illegally cross national borders onto U.S soil in desperation to find a better life. Immigrants come to America in hopes of fulfilling the American dream, being free and safe from their original home lands. Most immigrants are illegal and come by the millions each year, which lead to many controversial disputes. The overflow of immigrants caused many citizens to q uestion if these illegal immigrants are damaging AmericaRead MoreIllegal Immigration And Illegal Immigrants3175 Words   |  13 Pagesincreasing number of illegal immigrants in this country. Just recently Obama took executive action to shield illegal immigrants from deportation. A Texas Judge though blocked his executive action on immigration. Illegal immigration is a huge controversy here in the United States partly due to Americans thinking that illegal immigrates are taking jobs, causing lower wages, and the costs of education. In Immigration and the American Worker, George Borjas found that the presence of immigrant workers, whetherRead MoreIllegal Immigration And Illegal Immigrants1793 Words   |  8 Pagesrecent discussion s of illegal immigration, a controversial issue has been whether or not to grant amnesty to illegal immigrants in the U.S. On the one hand, some argue that amnesty shouldn’t be granted to illegal criminals. From this perspective, there are downfalls that many ignore and is unjust and stereotypical that all illegals are dangerous criminals. On the other hand, however, others argue that amnesty should be granted to illegal immigrants and how all of us are immigrants. In the words of one

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Personal Managerial Effectiveness Perspectives

Question: Discuss about the Personal Managerial Effectiveness Perspectives. Answer: Introduction The current business world has been changing much drastically by keeping pace with the market competition. Each of the organisations provides the best efforts to strengthen the sustainable position by gaining competitive advantages (Shah and Parmar 2016). The managerial efficiency plays the most significant role for accomplishing such success. The report will provide the insightful ideas about the managerial perspectives to build the proper organisational culture. The sequential and structured study will be assimilated with literature-based information as well as critical analysis of the subject matter. Considering such factors, the entire study will be presented. Literature Review In the 21st century, managing the people within an organisation is much promising for the managers. Apparently, the responsibilities of the manager still remain the same that is, motivating the employees and create the inspirational as well as influencing scenario (Ali and Patnaik 2014). The most difficult part in this 21st century is the increasing rate of functional complexities and the rapid changes in business process. The literature study provides the theoretical analysis of the managerial perspectives to promote the efficient organisational behaviour that helps in strengthening the competitive position (Clampitt 2016). The efficient management team needs to keep the focus on several strategies that are essential to develop the professional skills of the employees in this 21st century. The literature will provide the outline of such theories that are needed to be evaluated. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs In order to understand the managerial perspectives, it is necessary to understand the theoretical analysis that specifies the roles and responsibilities of the managers. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs provides the insightful ideas about the managers responsibility as well as the demands of the employees to be motivated. Some of the layers in this theoretical model are describing the role of the manager to ensure job satisfaction among the employees. The description of this theory is presented below: Psychological Theories and Motivation Motivating the existing employees is one of the key responsibilities that every manager has to perform. According to Zakarevi?ius and Ã… ½uperkien? (2015), motivation is considered as the psychological boost that is helpful enough in achieving the high performance goals. Considering such context, it can be stated that employee motivation is primary responsibility of the managers associated with an organisation. The output determines the job satisfaction of the employees while working together. As per the theory analysis, it is noted that the managers need to pay attention towards the behavioural management, which will be used as the focal point of organisational functionalities. The management of the behavioural aspect is essential for determining the achievement of organisational excellence (Shah and Parmar 2016). Need Based Theory The need-based theory has been concentrating on the satisfactory aspects of the employees that help in improving the performance parameter. This need-based theory is focusing on the survival to high-level of emotion needs that are associated with self-actualisation. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs model has been evaluating the managerial perspectives to satisfy the needs of the associated employees (Singh and Behera 2016). When the manager can recognise the basic demands of the employees, it would be helpful for them to undertake the proper decision. This model includes several components of motivation, which are described further: Self Actualisation: The first layer of the pyramid indicates the Self Actualisation level, which determines the creativity, morality, and problem solving method. It is necessary for the managers to concentrate on the business activities that are beneficial enough in increasing morality among the associated employees. Bringing more creativity in the organisational functionalities is helpful enough for the employees to avail the opportunities of career growth. Hence, this layer indicates one of the major processes of motivating the employees. Esteem: The managers required concentrating on the confidence level, achievement, respect, and self-esteem of the employees. While the employees are working in an organisation, it is essential to keep them motivated that bring more confidence. The efficient performance outcomes are eventually helpful for bringing the performance efficiency (Thielke et al. 2012). The enhancement of self-esteem level is much beneficial for the employees to stay focused and confident. Belongingness: When the employees are working together in an organisation, it is necessary for them to feel more comfortable. The managers need to take the responsibility of generating that feeling of belongingness to bring out the efficient performance outcomes. The maintenance of the intimacy and sense of reliability is thus considered as the major components of employee motivation (Cao et al. 2013). Safety: Each of the employees seeks the safer and secure environment. The hygienic environment is important for establishing the secure workplace behaviour (Singh and Behera 2016). The security maintenance brings the proper motivation on employees minds. Physiological: The last layer of this model indicates the physiological needs. In order to survive in an organisation, the employees perceive for several physiological demands as well. For example, the sufficient amount of air, water, food, comfortableness, and other factors. Presence of these factors generates the sense of accomplishments (Zakarevi?ius and Ã… ½uperkien? 2015). The manager requires concentrating on such basic needs to motivate the employees. The above discussion is highlighting the different layers of needs perceived by the employees in an organisation. The managers are the responsible people to motivate the employees for bringing the efficient performance outcomes. Fulfilling such needs is essential for managing the employee retention rate by eliminating the possibilities of employee turnover. Motivating the employees of Gen Y According to Mullins (2010), the new generation management process needs to be more focused on the basic needs of the employees. Keeping pace with the changing business environment, the expectations of the associated employees is also increasing accordingly. In order to bring the job satisfaction among the employees, it is necessary to pay attention towards several specific needs. Firstly, the feedback and recognition from the managers make the employees more reliable towards the company (Ruigrok and Van Tulder 2013). If the managers frequently provide the relevant feedback regarding the performance progress of the employee, it generates the sense of recognition. The employees even feel that their contribution is necessary for the organisational success. It automatically brings the job satisfaction. Secondly, the maintenance of flexibility is necessary for each of the managers (Mullins 2010). When the employees can avail the opportunity to work on the flexible work shifts, it helps t hem to enhance the quality of work with proper convenience. Moreover, maintaining flexibility in communication is also much helpful in presenting the concerns. Third, the managers need to encourage the employees to be more adaptive. The continuous growth and changes in the management practices are needed to be accepted. In many of the cases, it is seen that employees feel the job insecurity due to such repeated changes. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the managers to make the employees more motivated by appreciating their work (Goetsch and Davis 2014). Moreover, if required, the managers can even provide the training sessions to the employees for working in a progressive way. The motivation received from the managers often lead the employees towards job satisfaction in this current generation. The analytical concept of management process is thus presenting the orientation of the employees preferences. Fulfilment of such expectation is fruitful enough in retaining the employees in an organisation. Equity theory is one form of social exchange theory, which defines the cognitive process of motivating the employees. In such process employees expect to maintain balance between the inputs and outputs (Singh and Behera 2016). If the employees have been providing the efforts, they expect to be rewarded or recognised. It generates the sense of reliability that brings more job satisfaction. Reinforcement and Punishment The management has to look forward to identify the procedure of fulfilling the needs of the employees. In such cases, the managers implement the technological tools that lead them towards generating motivation among the employees. This strategic formulation can generate the positive or negative reinforcement as well as positive or negative punishments (Zakarevi?ius and Ã… ½uperkien? 2015). The above discussion has been presenting the roles and responsibilities of the managers in order to keep the employees much motivated towards their works. The measurement of the job satisfaction rate enhances the value based needs for each of the employees. Accordingly, the managers perform their duties to bring higher performance rate, which helps in remaining competitive in this 21st century. Impact of Managerial Perspectives in Organisation Behaviour Organisational behaviour determines the actions, thoughts, and feelings of the associated people to achieve the organisational excellence. This field is quite dependent on the nature of leadership, which highlights the procedure of motivating people and managing the interpersonal conflicts. In the 21st century, the fundamental issues have become much prominent due to the rapid changes in business competitions (DuBrin 2013). The managers have to pay attention on such specific issues to understand the beneficial attributes for accomplishing organisational goals. While managing behaviour, it is essential for the management to keep the focus on several factors, such as self fulfilment, social status, autonomy and empowerment, and personal relationship with co-workers. When the managers have been concentrating on such factors, it helps in upgrading the organisational culture in keeping pace with the rapidly changing scenario (Wagner III and Hollenbeck 2014). The interpretation of the fundamental issues and establishment the effective communicational transparency are making the managers knowledgeable about the value based approaches. Hence, it can be inferred that the managerial perspectives are necessary enough to strengthen the competitive position of the organisation in this 21st century (Goetsch and Davis 2014). When the employees can communicate with the manager and raise their concerns, it helps them to recognise the potential conflicts. Accordingly, the decisions are made by the manager to restructure the management functionalities (Scott and Davis 2015). The focus should be based on both the motivational aspects of the employees and accomplishments of organisational goals. Maintaining such responsibilities helps the managers achieving the competitive advantage in this changing business scenario of 21st century. Discussion and Analysis The effects of globalisation have transformed the business functionalities in a significant way. In the 21st century, the barriers among the nations have melted. As a result, the interconnections and acceleration of the latest technologies have increased more significantly. The current wave of globalisation is considered as the driving force for such changes recognised in the business functionalities. The improvements in the information technology has also specified as the facilitators (Li et al. 2014). Accordingly, the managers have to transform the management functionalities to cope with such changing scenario. The changing atmosphere has been increasing the stress level among the employees, which has the direct impacts on performance parameter. It can be stated that emergence of work pressures has been increasing the effects of globalisation in a significant manner. Focusing on the consequences, it has been seen that the technologies have been changing and creating the tougher com petition. The roles and responsibilities of the human resource management have been evolving accordingly. The hierarchal structure of the organisation is also re-structuring to cope with such management scenario (Berglund and Sandstrm 2013). The managers even have to focus on the allocations of new work activities to the employees. If concentrated on such fundamental changes, it can be noticed that the employees are also changing their priorities and expectations. It is the major responsibility of the managers to understand such priorities and needs before making any relevant decision. The shifts from personnel to human resources is enhancing the employee value within an organisation. For example, Goodwin Company used to sell the household cleaning products since 1922. In keeping pace with the current changes, the company shifted the focus towards product packaging and distribution process to remain competitive (Gbr.pepperdine.edu 2016). These products are then delivered to the household, automotive cleaning, and industrial markets. In coping with such changes, the management is now restructuring the business functionalities in an innovative way. The increasing labour charges and maintaining stagnant revenues are quite challenging for the management. However, in order to accomplish such goal, the management sta rted focusing on several factors, such as ability to influence, time orientation, and individualism or collectivism. The example of Patagonia Company can also be mentioned in such regards. Headquarter of this company is in Southern California, but the company operates in the foreign markets as well like France and Japan. In the year of 2007, the company collected almost $275 million revenues. In this current market, the company is associated with 1,300 employees in different locations. However, Yvon Chouinard, the founder of the company faced several dissatisfactions in utilising the conventional equipments (Gbr.pepperdine.edu 2016). The company started thinking of using the proper technological tools to climb up and redesign the strategic functionalities. However, the conducted survey is highlighting that the employee are highly influenced to adopt the changes. The systematic feedback process is minimising the flow of ideas. The company is even building community by establishing the childcare centre. However, it is recognised that the company requires restructuring the human resource management pr ocess more significantly. The efficiency brought to the management helps the organisation to grow more in this competitive world. According to Scherer, Palazzo and Seidl (2013), the initial step that every organisation needs to undertake is the improvement of overall performance quality. It is noted that the cultural changes are illusive and it requires more inventions in this globalised world. Each of the companies tries to provide their best effort to gain the competitive advantage in this transformative business world. Accordingly, the managements are adopting several innovative technicalities to ensure the best outcome that helps in accomplish the determined goals. Similarly, the management has been focusing on the basic needs of the employees (Ruigrok and Van Tulder 2013). It is noticed that if the employees are much motivated, it brings the performance efficiency in a significant way. However, the recognition of the needs is possible if the managers maintain the communication transparency (Goetsch and Davis 2014). They can even identify the potential challenges that may create the hazardous issues within the internal scenario of the organisation. Accordingly, the management can even make the employees aware of the structured and fruitful innovative process that may help the organisation in achieving competitive advantage. Identifying the entire discussion, it can be inferred that the managers maintain their prime responsibility to motivate the associated employees and reducing the stress level as well. Conclusion The study is highlighting that the managers have to perform in accordance with the rapid changes take place in this current globalised business world. Due to the enormous changes in this current 21st century, it has been noted that the technologies are also changing repeatedly. The managers accordingly have to keep the focus on several strategic decisions making process that can be beneficial for the associated employees. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs include several employee needs that are needed to be fulfilled by the managers. The motivational process for the Gen Y employees is considering three different approaches. The recognition approach determines the visibility of employees contribution and accordingly providing the rewards. Maintaining flexibility is also necessary to communicate with the employees and understand their requirements. The proper motivation will be effective enough in making the employees more adaptive towards change. The equity theory describes the decision maki ng process of the managers regarding the reinforcement and punishments. The judgment is based on the performance outcomes of the employees. The fulfilment of such needs helps them to be motivated that has the significant impact on the performance parameter. Recommendation Considering the rapid changes in this globalised world, it is necessary to adopt several necessary approaches by the managers to remain competitive. It has been noted that the changes in the business functionalities is bringing the changes in the use of technicalities as well. Therefore, it is important for each of the organisations to focus on the total quality improvement. The managers have to pay attention on the TQM functionalities to improve the organisational culture as well as the performance parameter. On the other hand, it is noted that the employee motivation is also one of the most significant factors for achieving the competitive advantage. In order to ensure such purposes, the managers need to establish the communicational transparency. When the transparent communication occurs, it helps in identifying the internal issues and concerns. Moreover, it is much helpful in making the employees aware of the innovative functionalities. Hence, the managers need to pay attention o n such perspectives to achieve the competitive advantage in this current world of business. Moreover, the structured evaluation of the business process will be beneficial for the upcoming future prospects of the organisations. References Ali, A. and Patnaik, B., 2014. Influence of organizational climate and organizational culture on managerial effectiveness: An inquisitive study.The Carrington Rand Journal of Social Sciences,1(2), pp.1-20. Berglund, H. and Sandstrm, C., 2013. Business model innovation from an open systems perspective: structural challenges and managerial solutions.International Journal of Product Development,18(3-4), pp.274-285. Cao, H., Jiang, J., Oh, L.B., Li, H., Liao, X. and Chen, Z., 2013. A Maslow's hierarchy of needs analysis of social networking services continuance.Journal of Service Management,24(2), pp.170-190. Clampitt, P.G., 2016.Communicating for Managerial Effectiveness: Challenges| Strategies| Solutions. SAGE Publications. DuBrin, A.J., 2013.Fundamentals of organizational behavior: An applied perspective. Elsevier. Gbr.pepperdine.edu, 2016. Recognizing Organizational Culture in Managing Change | Graziadio Business Review | Graziadio School of Business and Management | Pepperdine University. [online] Gbr.pepperdine.edu. Available at: https://gbr.pepperdine.edu/2010/08/recognizing-organizational-culture-in-managing-change/ [Accessed 5 Dec. 2016]. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. pearson. Li, Y., Chen, H., Liu, Y. and Peng, M.W., 2014. Managerial ties, organizational learning, and opportunity capture: A social capital perspective.Asia Pacific Journal of Management,31(1), pp.271-291. Mullins, L. 2010Management and Organisational Behaviour,(9th edn)FT Prentice Hall Ruigrok, W. and Van Tulder, R., 2013.The logic of international restructuring: The management of dependencies in rival industrial complexes. Routledge. Scherer, A.G., Palazzo, G. and Seidl, D., 2013. Managing legitimacy in complex and heterogeneous environments: Sustainable development in a globalized world.Journal of Management Studies,50(2), pp.259-284. Scott, W.R. and Davis, G.F., 2015.Organizations and organizing: Rational, natural and open systems perspectives. Routledge. Shah, K. and Parmar, C., 2016. A study on the analysis of effect of Management Education on effectiveness of Managerial competency.International Journal,4(8). Singh, T. and Behera, M.P., 2016. Application of the Maslow's Hierarchy of Need Theory: Impacts and Implications on Employee's Career Stages.Training Development Journal,7(2), pp.43-52. Thielke, S., Harniss, M., Thompson, H., Patel, S., Demiris, G. and Johnson, K., 2012. Maslows hierarchy of human needs and the adoption of health-related technologies for older adults.Ageing international,37(4), pp.470-488. Wagner III, J.A. and Hollenbeck, J.R., 2014.Organizational behavior: Securing competitive advantage. Routledge. Zakarevi?ius, P. and Ã… ½uperkien?, E., 2015. Improving the Development of Managers Personal and Professional Skills.Engineering Economics,60(5).

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

End of Life Care-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Describes legal and ethical issues you may have to consider when providing advice about the end of life care in the NewZealand context. Answer: According to Malpas, Mitchell Koschwanez, (2015) the end of life refers to a continued period where a patient is considered to be dying as no further medical help can be accorded to the patient. This happens mainly when a patient is having a terminal illness. Such a patient may consider assisted dying by appealing for help from care providers and healthcare professional to terminate his/her life. Several conditions have made patients to desire to terminate their life. Among these include too much pain, fear of burdening others with ones own disease and future incapacity and other uncertainties. There are however legal and ethical issues that has to be considered in end of life care and assisted death. According to Johnson, et al (2017) medically assisted death also known as euthanasia, assisted suicide or physician assisted suicide are considered illegal. However, efforts to legalize euthanasia are on the move. The best care accorded to a dying patient should be centered on pain management for the patient and allowing death to happen naturally and as comfortable as possible if it seem inescapable. Fernando, Rea, Malpas, P. (2018) explains that terminal sedation which involves continuous administration of intravenous or subcutaneous sedatives to relieve pain to a dying patient is considered the best available help for dying patients. Palliative care is considered necessary in patients who have terminal illnesses on the conditions that the disease has no more likelihood of cure and medical attention is focused on improving the quality of life of the patient. Malpas, et al (2015) explains major legal and ethical considerations which includes helping the family to recover from bereavement and undergo the process of grief successfully, advancement of the patients psychological, emotional and social wellbeing is also a vital role for the health worker. Pain relieving mechanisms adopted should also be carefully examined not to prolong or shorten the life span of the patient as death ought to occur naturally and with dignity. Oliver, Wilson, Malpas, (2017) explains that the New Zealand Medical Association (NZMA) advocates for several issues in the end of life care which includes continued public awareness, equity in accessing end of life care, efficient communication between patients and healthcare providers and respect of the patients decisions as they have a right to refuse medical services accorded to them. Nevertheless, the NZMA code of ethics urges health practitioners to always preserve life wherever possible References Fernando, A., Rea, C., Malpas, P. (2018). Compassion from a palliative care perspective.The New Zealand medical journal,131(1468), 25-32. Johnson, S., Kerridge, I., Butow, P. N., Tattersall, M. H. (2017). Advance Care Planning: is quality end of life care really that simple?.Internal medicine journal,47(4), 390-394. Malpas, P., Mitchell, K., Koschwanez, H. (2015). End-of-life medical decision making in general practice in New Zealand13 years on.New Zealand Medical Journal,128(1418), 27-39. Oliver, P., Wilson, M., Malpas, P. (2017). New Zealand doctors and nurses views on legalising assisted dying in New Zealand.The New Zealand medical journal,130(1456), 10.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Doll`s House Act I Essays - A Dolls House, , Term Papers

Doll`s House Act I A Doll House sets the scene for a disturbing commentary on the woman's place in society at the time. Nora's psychological makeup is one of an oppressive, emotionally depriving and possibly abusive father and an absent, neglectful mother. Her flighty actions are the ones of a child because as a child, that is probably the only way she got attention, and she was never taught any other way. Nora is suffering from a neurotic personality disorder. The Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia, (1996), defines neurosis as "a slightly less impaired state than that of the psychotic, wherein the individual has lost touch with reality." Because of her being mistreated by men for so many years, by her father and in turn her husband, Nora has developed a strange sense of right and wrong, and which is which. The first scene in which Nora brings in the presents already exemplifies her strange reasoning. Although we know that she should be saving every penny, and she even says later on to Mrs Linde that she tries to make some money of her own by copying, and attempts to save by wearing "the simplest, cheapest outfits," (p 643), here she contradicts herself by insisting to Torvald that "...we can squander a little now. Can't we?" (p 638) This strange, often moody temperament is a well known characteristic of a neurotic. The way Torvald treats Nora in the very first scene also is tell-tale of Nora's mental problems. She lies to her husband about eating macaroons. Although wives were perhaps more submissive to their husbands' desires 120 years ago, I certainly doubt that most of them would have accepted being treated like a child with rules regarding whether they could snakc on a macaroon or not. Her desire to please is also characteristic of a neurotic, as they cannot often handle rejection. As one might suspect and as we learn throughout and at at the end of the play, Nora and Torvald's relationship really never went beyond simple flirting, and they never really talked about anything. One who would continue in a relationship in this manner obviously has a disconnection with reality. During her conversation with Mrs. Linde, (pgs 640-644), Nora doesn't seem to be aware that the forgery of her father's signature was illegal. Although she has been sheltered her whole life, I find it nearly impossible to accept that she has never heard that it is wrong to fake someone else's signature. This again is a reflection of her difficulty realizing what is right and wrong ans the difference between the two. Nora's mental state affects every character in the play, as she interacts with everyone. There is more to her than just her neurosis, but that is a pivotal part of her character. Were she not to be portrayed as neurotic, this would be a very different, and potentially more boring play. Bibliography Ibsen, Henrik. A Doll House. The Bedford Introduction to Drama, 3rd ed. Ed. Lee A. Jacobus, University of Conneticut. Boston: Bedford Books, 1997.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Conventional Media and the New Media Environment in Modern China

Conventional Media and the New Media Environment in Modern China Introduction With the emergence of telecommunication technology, the world is experiencing a major revolution in the communication sector. Theoretically, people are able to communicate with one another regardless of the distance separating them (Zhang, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Conventional Media and the New Media Environment in Modern China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More After several years of market reforms and development, China’s media had big changes in terms of communication models, management philosophy, and ownership. More importantly, however, these changes have also drastically altered the way in which the government, media, and the public interact. This paper looks at how the Chinese state is dealing with the ever increasing adoption of new media and what the state is doing to control the way citizens communicate and receive news whether local or international. Various situations are examined to help understand how the relationship between the Chinese state and the media has changed over the years as a result of development and reforms in the communication sector that has led to the expansion in the number, variety and ownership of media outlets (Shirk, 2011). The Impact of New Media To better understand the impact of new media on the Chinese state and how this has been and continues to be dealt with, different avenues of access to information will be examined to determine their effect. Specifically, Citizen News, Official Television News and Newspaper and the Internet use will be discussed. Citizen News In 2003, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) General Secretary Hu Jianto announced set of guidelines requiring that any news reporting be as close as possible to reality, close to livelihood, and close to the people. CCP further published a report that suggested a decreasing level of coverage on leaders’ activities (Hewitt, 2010). Unanimously, Chinese media researchers agree that innovations such as Citizen News and telling people’s stories are in line with CCP’s approach to propaganda. Citizen News later received recognition as a permissible type of news reporting for local Chinese television stations.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While some communications researchers feel that Citizen News is helpful in reinforcing the credibility of television news reporting, many do not believe it. These critics assert that Citizen News is full of trivial coverage such as family disputes, neighbor’s arguments, and cases of vandalism and cheating. Furthermore, critics are convinced that content that may be regarded as newsworthy is rarely covered by Citizen News. Despite the lack of attention to significant political news and social injustice, Citizen News programs do offer the general public a view of re al life, as well as an opportunity to speak out about different issues. Through the kind of news programs presented on Citizen News, mainstream propaganda and commercial culture are combined to create an atmosphere of caring about people’s livelihood and nurturing a harmonious society. As a result, sensors tend to be tolerant of such programs. In a similar manner, some audiences have gradually become dissatisfied with such comparatively shallow news coverage and are disheartened by their inability to find any serious news reporting on local television (Midford, 2011). Official Television News Official television news is news as represented by Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) news. All television stations in China are required to broadcast CCTV news on their main channels simultaneously. For example, cable television users in the Beijing area receive about fifty channels but more than thirty of them broadcast CCTV news from 7.00 to 7.30 pm every night. This central monopoly on national news coverage is generally well established. During the Cultural Revolution, the only news resource for the general public was the official media. National news was primarily reported on China National Radio every night at 8.00 pm and many people were regular listeners to the program. In the year 1982, the central government declared that any important news should be released first on CCTV news at 7.00 pm before being aired on any other media.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Conventional Media and the New Media Environment in Modern China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Apparently, the rule is still being in force. (Bittner, 2008). With the growing popularity and availability of television sets, more people tend to pay close attention to CCTV news. The results of a survey conducted in the Beijing area indicated that only 8.8 percent of the people said that they almost never watched CCTV news, 30.5 percent watched it at least three times per week, 30.7 percent watched it at least four or five times per week, and 25.7 percent watched it six to seven times per week (Shirk, 2011). Clearly, the requirement by the state that official news first be aired on CCTV news was a means of putting measures in place to control how citizens interact with media and to ensure that traditional media remained the only popular means of receiving news both locally and internationally. Newspaper and Internet Use In urban areas, newspapers are seen to be one of the most popular sources of news, ranking second after television. In Beijing, for example, about 80 percent of the residents read newspapers (Shen Breslin, 2010). Given that reading requires literacy, those who do not read any newspapers also indicate that they do not have the time to read newspapers and they already feel sufficiently informed by electronic media such as television or radio broadcasting. Generally, the Chinese citizens read newspap ers in the late afternoon or evening. Most people spend about forty two minutes reading newspapers on a daily basis (Hsing Lee, 2010). Considering that only a minority of Chinese readers subscribe to newspapers, most people usually get to read the newspapers at work or purchase them at a newspaper stand. Apparently, this habit makes it possible for Chinese readers to switch very frequently between newspapers and read a greater variety of them. Average readers peruse two newspapers but some report reading as many as ten different papers per day. While most readers have a clear preference for non official papers, only 36 percent of readers choose reading official newspapers (Shen Breslin, 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As far as using the Internet is concerned, the Chinese citizens connect quite freely to the Internet within China despite being very much aware that their activities and messages may be monitored by the government (Scotton Hachten, 2010). Some researchers inside China, however, claim that the government is very effective in ensuring that foreign information does not reach its citizens. It is generally believed that the Chinese government is capable of blocking access to outside sites rather easily since all international traffic must pass through a small number of state controlled backbone networks. The government also has the technology in place that blocks web pages and cancels links that would lead to unacceptable sites ranging from pornography to international news (Scotton Hachten, 2010). Quite a number of people believe that Chinese Internet controls can easily be evaded. As the censors work in China to limit access to the Internet sites although individuals and teams overse as are determined to frustrate such efforts. Some Chinese researchers argue that due to social pressures and technological development, it is simply impossible to hide on the Internet. Another problem faced by censors is the lack of a clear policy regarding what is banned from the Internet. The speed of communication via this new media also makes it difficult for the Chinese government to execute any form of control on information flying around. The presence of the Internet and mobile phones in hands of the citizens facilitates a faster transfer of information making it difficult for the government to control what eventually is available to people. Media experts believe that official newspapers in China publish propaganda while non official papers publish what is regarded as real news. To media specialists, propaganda is based on subjective opinion aimed at guiding the reader in a certain direction and often omits important facts, while real news provides the audience with the compl ete story and includes negative aspects. To stay safe, the state is forever suppressing the efforts of the non official papers that are always making attempts to push the boundaries set by the state (Yu, 2009). Official media sources are considered to be experts on the position of the state and are aimed at manipulating public opinion. On the contrary, non official media sources are seen as reporting from the perspective of the public in a less biased way. Taking into account that media credibility requires high levels of both expertise and objectivity, official sources tend to rank lower in terms of credibility than non official ones. Unlike newspapers, however, the Web is a less popular information source. In the year 2009, less than 30 percent of Chinese citizens had access to Internet. The number is, however, growing at a very rapid pace. In the year 2008, for example, the number of Internet users grew by 41.9 percent. Most urban Chinese consent to the fact that their own lack o f skills and access to facilities constitute to the two main reasons for not being able to surf the Web. In addition, access to the Web requires a computer, which is still costly and unreachable for the majority. As a result, the proportion of the population who use the Internet is still quite low. However, reading the news is the second most frequently used online service. Currently, two important alternative means exist that allow citizens to go online. While some people would access the Web at work, others would do so through cyber cafes. Still others would use both alternatives depending on where one would be at a certain time. Effects of Operating Based on CCP’s Guidelines As the primary television propaganda machine, CCTV news has always adhered to the principle of publicizing the policies of the CCP and the government. Its reports focus on the activities of the Chinese leaders and political conferences. They are full of meaningless content and presented in an inflexibl e style. Rarely will information of real interest be aired through CCTV news. According to a survey undertaken by Professor Zhou Xiaopu of Renmin University in Beijing, political news coverage accounted for 52.3 percent of the program and it mostly involved CCP leaders’ activities, propaganda campaigns, and political announcements. International news on the other hand accounted for 7.3 percent and was always placed at the end of the program. In addition, studies have shown that, on average, events are reported on CCTV news two days after they actually had happened. State Controlled Transparency Controlled transparency is one of the tactics which for a very long time has been employed by the Chinese government to guarantee the continued existence of traditional Chinese media. By ensuring that citizens are mostly confined to state controlled media, the penetration of new media in the China is certainly suppressed. Over the years, senior court officials have repeatedly emphasize d the importance of greater transparency in China’s courts. As noted by the Supreme People’s Court, there is need to police the courts. Every single court is required by the state to voluntarily release information about important cases, cease being passive in response to media coverage, and strengthen their propaganda systems so as to lead the media to report positively about the courts (Yu, 2009). Similarly, his predecessor spoke of the importance of courts opening themselves to media supervision and balancing legal outcomes with the needs of the nation and the CCP. In May 2009, the Supreme People’s Court issued directions to lower courts concerning implementation of the concept of justice for the people, calling on courts to respond quickly to negative reporting, in order to improve relations with the media and to voluntarily provide tips to the media with the intention of encouraging positive coverage. These comments and rules reflect two strategies that hav e been used by courts in response to increased media pressure. Courts have spoken of the importance of supervision and have publicly welcomed greater coverage. At the same time, however, courts have stepped up efforts to manage information flow to the media, attempting to control access to the courts as well as the content of news reports about the courts. Regulations adopted by the Supreme People’s Court in 1999 state that most cases should be made open to the public and the media but also include numerous vague exceptions and require reporters to obtain advance permission from the court hearing the case. Practically, the regulations give judges and courts significant discretion to deny access to the media. Courts have also become proficient when it comes to encouraging positive media coverage. They frequently draft articles for the media or provide details about cases to journalists. Courts reward judges with praise and bonuses for obtaining positive coverage or for authori ng articles that help to strengthen the courts’ public image. Many courts also require local media to seek approval of articles from either court propaganda officials or the judges hearing a particular case prior to running a report (Reilly, 2008). Failure to seek approval can result in journalists being barred from further reporting on the court. In 2006, the Supreme People’s Court also announced that it was creating an official press secretary and that judges were henceforth forbidden from speaking to the media without prior approval. In solidarity, local courts also implemented the same. This has, however, not been received well by media commentary which has portrayed the system as an effort to restrict critical coverage as it stops other judges from speaking to the media. As such, the courts have been criticized as being afraid of media scrutiny. Although the media are allowed to cover cases once they have been decided, regulations strongly oppose reports that diff er in opinion from the courts and in effect banning criticisms of decisions made by the court. In 2005, the State Administration of Radio, Film, and Broadcasting prohibited television and radio stations from reporting on cases while they are still pending and forbid local media from covering events outside their home jurisdiction. Repeatedly, the Supreme People’s Court officials have stated that in sensitive or high profile cases, the courts speak with a unified voice and only official spokespeople are allowed to talk to the media. In support of all these regulations, judges argue that controls on media coverage are extremely necessary so as to prevent biased reporting. On the other hand, however, journalists complain that judges are increasingly using the rhetoric of judicial independence to prevent media oversight of the courts. Although numerous defamation related cases have been presented before Chinese courts, a significant portion were against the media. To the media, i t appears that defamation litigation is being used as a new form of control to ensure that media practitioners are forced to toe the line. According to Shirk (2011), there are four trends that can help to explain the impact of defamation litigation on the Chinese media. First, both anecdotal and empirical evidence suggest that the media often lose the majority of cases brought against them. The vagueness of Chinese defamation law is blamed for facilitating decisions against the media and for allowing the courts to find the media liable for even very small errors. Second, defamation litigation is now a significant means of retaliation by targets of public opinion supervision. This is well reinforced by making sure that numerous cases are brought by officials or state or CCP entities in response to critical coverage (McCargo, 2003). Individuals and corporations have been made to bring suit in response to critical reports that are designed both to retaliate against the media and to blo ck further reporting. Courts and judges themselves have brought a small number of defamation cases in response to critical coverage. Despite the different perceptions of media credibility, it is important to note that most Chinese citizens widely accept the need for propaganda for the collective benefit. The widespread acceptance of the propaganda has drawn together people with divergent and possibly incompatible positions on media control but willing to accept it for the sake of ensuring social stability. Similarly, it would be wrong to conclude that official media sources do not serve an important function in Chinese society (Thorburn, Jenkins Seawell, 2004). Although it is common knowledge that official news organs aim to manipulate public opinion, they are useful for learning the goals and policies of the government. The cost of obtaining official news is also comparatively low for individuals given that they have access to such information sources at the workplace. Furthermore , ordinary citizens will also prefer such sources when they have incentives to seek out information about the position of the government. The utility of official sources does not, however, imply that they are perceived as being credible. Nevertheless, the credibility issue is of great concern to the officials spreading propaganda, who are worried about their credibility to guide public opinion thorough the media. Chinese political leaders continue to regard the news media as a necessary instrument to hold China together and to push forward reform policies. Chinese communication researchers have, therefore, been hesitant to report public opinion data that suggests the low credibility of official media sources (Mansell Raboy, 2011). Although official media still give non official media a sense of direction for news reporting, non official media still prevails in terms of the ability to influence public opinion. This notwithstanding, non official media outlets are always regarded as t roublemakers by the Chinese officials rather than as useful tools to guide public opinion. Officials have become particularly concerned about the role of the non official media in challenging the official line of the state and serving as catalysts of public opinion crises (Reilly, 2008). However, it is the perceived disassociation from the government that lends credibility to the nonofficial media, improving their ability to influence public opinion. Ironically, media challenges to state control can boost the ability of the state to manipulate public opinion as long as the state retains some control over news content and can deter media outlets from deviating too strongly from the official line. Citizens’ Views on Restrictions Placed on News Content Studies by Waldman (2011) indicated that public perceptions of media outlets matter a great deal to the Chinese government and especially when a person’s beliefs strongly diverge from the official line of the state. As poin ted out earlier, despite their lower levels of credibility, official sources still remain useful to individuals who need to know the official position of the government regarding different national issues. It may appear that this is an approach taken by the government to see to it that control systems put in place function effectively. Conclusion State control of Chinese media is nothing of a secret. Despite the commercialization of media in China, journalists and editors claim that all news media are owned by the state and have not brought any form of independence. There is nothing like fully commercialized or private media in China. As a way of ensuring that traditional Chinese media is not swallowed by the new media the Chinese government has had to make radical decisions that have made it possible to keep the activities of the private media under check. Through discussions presented in this paper, one can clearly notice that to a great extent, the Chinese government has been abl e to ensure that traditional media remained relevant to its people in the presence of stiff competition in an environment filled with incredible new technology (Waldman, 2011). Even though China’s courts are not unique in restricting media coverage and that many Western countries impose significant limitations on coverage of pending cases, such restrictions may be quite damaging in China, given the very limited history of transparency in the legal system and the numerous problems that continue to undermine the authority and the ability of the courts (Gascoyne-Cecil, 1912). Efforts to restrict media coverage are just one example of the general attempt by the China to create a system of controlled transparency. Like other state actors, China’s courts claim that they are open to scrutiny and are thus deserving of the public trust, while at the same time they are restricting and manipulating the information available to the public. Reference List Bittner, F 2008, Advertisi ng in a Changing China. Books on Demand, Tennessee, USA. Gascoyne-Cecil, W 1912, Changing China. Daniel Appleton and Company, New York. Hewitt, D., 2010, Getting Rich First: Life in a Changing China. Random House, New York. Hsing, Y. Lee, C. K 2010, Reclaiming Chinese Society: The New Social Activism, Taylor Francis, New York. Mansell, R. Raboy, M 2011, The Handbook of Global Media and Communication Polic,. John Wiley Sons Inc, Malden. McCargo, D 2003, Media and Politics in Pacific Asia. Routledge, New York. Midford, P 2011, Rethinking Japanese Public Opinion and Security: From Pacifism to Realism? Stanford University Press, Stanford, California. Reilly, J. M 2008, The Role of Public Opinion in Chinas Japan Policy: 1997- 2007. ProQuest, Seattle. Scotton, J. F. Hachten, W. A 2010, New Media for a New China. John Wiley Sons, Malden. Shen, S. Breslin, S 2010, Online Chinese Nationalism and Chinas Bilateral Relations, Lexington Books, Maryland. Shirk, S. L 2011, Changing Media, Changing China. Oxford University Press, Inc, New York. Thorburn, D., Jenkins, H. Seawell, B 2004, Rethinking Media Change: The Aesthetics of Transition, MIT Press, Massachusetts. Waldman, S 2011, Information Needs of Communities: The Changing Media Landscape in a Broadband Age, Diane Publishing, Darby. Yu, H 2009, Media and Cultural Transformation in China, Taylor Francis, New York. Zhang, X 2009, Chinas Information and Communications Technology Revolution: Social Changes and State Responses, Taylor Francis, New Delhi, India.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Lesson 9 and 10 Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lesson 9 and 10 - Personal Statement Example The second article covers the NTIA and the US Copyright Office’s report on the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. The primary purpose of the DMCA is the updating of national laws for the digital age to assist vigorous progress of e-commerce, communication, research, development, and education in the internet age. Section 1201(g) on The Encryption Research Exception may be detrimental as it might result in a decrease in legitimate research and testing in the field of encryption research. A researcher just needs to make a good faith attempt to obtain authorization from the owner to undertake circumvention. 2.) The doctrine of fair use calls for a high level of ethical behavior from the publisher. It is up to the ethical standards of the publisher to decide, if the purpose of use is not to gain any commercial benefits. In order to take on an allowable act of encryption research, the law of good faith effort makes it lawful for a researcher to undertake circumvention activity just after he has made a good faith effort to obtain authorization from the owner. This calls for an ethical judgment on the part of the publisher. 3.) The Government should modify the existing regulation so as to give more control to copyright owners. The Government should encourage research in copyright protect technology, and education about ethics. No government intervention will lead to an unethical usage of content from somebody else for commercial purpose, and may limit future interest in creating something of own. However, the concept of policing people’s computer might hamper the privacy of the citizens. 4.) The use of fair use doctrine for publishing although legal, but may turn out to be unethical in certain cases. The terms of fair use are subjective, and the publisher may interpret them in any way he may like. Similarly the use of law of good faith effort, although being